In this session we are going to have the discussions on the magnetic material and their types...
what are magnetic materials ?
the material which are attracted by the magnets or made to attract by the magnets are called the magnetic materials . Based on the attraction power of the materials the magnetic materials are divided into 6 types they are 1.Dia magnetic substances .
2.Para magnetic substances.
3.Ferro magnetic substances.
4.Anti ferro magnetic substances.
5.and ferri magnetic substances.
6.superpara magnetic substances.
these are the five types of the magnetic materials which ever we come across in the day to day life... Lets have the detailed information about the magnetic substances.
1.Dia magnetic substances:Dia magnetism is the property of an object which causes it to create the magnetic field in the opposite direction to the applied external magnetic field thus causing the repulsive force.. Dia magnets are the materials with magnetic permiability less than one.the suseptibility is also less than zero i.e., negative.
these materials are independant of the temperature.and do not allows any external field lines through it...
examples are gold,copper,silver etc....
2.Para magnetic substances: these materials are feebly attracted by the external magnetic field and they magnetize in the direction of applied external magnetic field
these material have permanent atomic magnetic dipoles oriented in different directions such thatnet magnetic moment is zero in the absence of external magnetic field...the susceptibility is small and positive and is inversely proportional to the temperature and relative permiability is greater than one
examples aluminium,platinum etc
3.Ferro magnetic substances:These materials are strongly attracted by the magnetic field and they magnetize in the direction of external magnetic field.these materials have the domains.all the dipoles in the same domain align in the same direction and that is different in the adjacent domain so the net magnetic moment is 0. and in the external field all domains gets tuned to the direction of the magnetic field applied.for these materials suseptibility is always high and positive and is dependent on the temperature
examples are iron,cobalt etc.
4.Antiferro magnetic substances : the magnetic dipole moments of the adjacent atoms are anti parallel.due to this anti parallel moments the magnetic moment is 0....generally anti ferro magnetic moments exists at the low temperatures and vanishes at high temperatures called as Neel temperature .for these materials susceptibility is small and positive dependent on temperature
examples are copper chloride,oxides of manganese,etc
5.Ferri magnetic materials: for these materials the dipole moment of adjacent magnetic materials is anti parallel and with different magnitudes.susceptibility is very large and positive and is inversely proportional to temperature.
examples are all ferrites.with divalent atoms of copper xinc etc...
6.superpara magnetic materials : When a ferromagnet or ferrimagnet is sufficiently small, it acts like a single magnetic spin that is subject to brownien motion Its response to a magnetic field is qualitatively similar to the response of a paramagnet, but much larger.
some other types of magnetisms are meta magnetism,molecule based magnetism,spin glass magnetim.
meta magnetism is a sudden (often, dramatic) increase in the magnetisationof a material with a small change in an externally applied magnetic field The metamagnetic behavior may have quite different physical causes for different types of metamagnets. Some examples of physical mechanisms leading to metamagnetic behavior are:
molecule based magnets: Molecule-based magnets are a class of materials capable of displaying ferro magnetism. This class expands the materials properties typically associated with magnets to include low density, transparency, electrical insulation, and low-temperature fabrication, as well as combine magnetic ordering with other properties such as photoresponsiveness. Essentially all of the common magnetic phenomena associated with conventional transition-metal and rare-earth-based magnets can be found in molecule-based magnets
spin glass magnetism A spin glass is a disordered magnet where the magnetic spin of the component atoms (the orientation of the north and south magnetic poles in three-dimensional space) are not aligned in a regular pattern. The term "glass" comes from an analogy between the magnetic disorder in a spin glass and the positional disorder of a conventional, chemical glass e.g., a window glass. In window glass or any amorphous solid the atomic bond structure is highly irregular; in contrast, a crystal has a uniform pattern of atomic bonds. In ferro magnets solid, magnetic spins all align in the same direction; this would be analogous to a crystal.
and in this way magnets are classified based on the attractions. some other intresting topics can be learned from superscience.blogspot.com..........
what are magnetic materials ?
the material which are attracted by the magnets or made to attract by the magnets are called the magnetic materials . Based on the attraction power of the materials the magnetic materials are divided into 6 types they are 1.Dia magnetic substances .
2.Para magnetic substances.
3.Ferro magnetic substances.
4.Anti ferro magnetic substances.
5.and ferri magnetic substances.
6.superpara magnetic substances.
these are the five types of the magnetic materials which ever we come across in the day to day life... Lets have the detailed information about the magnetic substances.
1.Dia magnetic substances:Dia magnetism is the property of an object which causes it to create the magnetic field in the opposite direction to the applied external magnetic field thus causing the repulsive force.. Dia magnets are the materials with magnetic permiability less than one.the suseptibility is also less than zero i.e., negative.
these materials are independant of the temperature.and do not allows any external field lines through it...
examples are gold,copper,silver etc....
2.Para magnetic substances: these materials are feebly attracted by the external magnetic field and they magnetize in the direction of applied external magnetic field
these material have permanent atomic magnetic dipoles oriented in different directions such thatnet magnetic moment is zero in the absence of external magnetic field...the susceptibility is small and positive and is inversely proportional to the temperature and relative permiability is greater than one
examples aluminium,platinum etc
3.Ferro magnetic substances:These materials are strongly attracted by the magnetic field and they magnetize in the direction of external magnetic field.these materials have the domains.all the dipoles in the same domain align in the same direction and that is different in the adjacent domain so the net magnetic moment is 0. and in the external field all domains gets tuned to the direction of the magnetic field applied.for these materials suseptibility is always high and positive and is dependent on the temperature
examples are iron,cobalt etc.
examples are copper chloride,oxides of manganese,etc
5.Ferri magnetic materials: for these materials the dipole moment of adjacent magnetic materials is anti parallel and with different magnitudes.susceptibility is very large and positive and is inversely proportional to temperature.
examples are all ferrites.with divalent atoms of copper xinc etc...
6.superpara magnetic materials : When a ferromagnet or ferrimagnet is sufficiently small, it acts like a single magnetic spin that is subject to brownien motion Its response to a magnetic field is qualitatively similar to the response of a paramagnet, but much larger.
some other types of magnetisms are meta magnetism,molecule based magnetism,spin glass magnetim.
meta magnetism is a sudden (often, dramatic) increase in the magnetisationof a material with a small change in an externally applied magnetic field The metamagnetic behavior may have quite different physical causes for different types of metamagnets. Some examples of physical mechanisms leading to metamagnetic behavior are:
- Itinerant Metamagnetism - exchange splittingof the fermi surface in a para magnetic system of itinerant electrons causes an energetically favorable transition to bulk magnetization near the transition to a ferro magnet or other magnetically ordered state.
- Antiferromagnetic Transition - Field-induced spin flips in anti ferro magnets cascade at a critical energy determined by the applied magnetic field.
molecule based magnets: Molecule-based magnets are a class of materials capable of displaying ferro magnetism. This class expands the materials properties typically associated with magnets to include low density, transparency, electrical insulation, and low-temperature fabrication, as well as combine magnetic ordering with other properties such as photoresponsiveness. Essentially all of the common magnetic phenomena associated with conventional transition-metal and rare-earth-based magnets can be found in molecule-based magnets
spin glass magnetism A spin glass is a disordered magnet where the magnetic spin of the component atoms (the orientation of the north and south magnetic poles in three-dimensional space) are not aligned in a regular pattern. The term "glass" comes from an analogy between the magnetic disorder in a spin glass and the positional disorder of a conventional, chemical glass e.g., a window glass. In window glass or any amorphous solid the atomic bond structure is highly irregular; in contrast, a crystal has a uniform pattern of atomic bonds. In ferro magnets solid, magnetic spins all align in the same direction; this would be analogous to a crystal.
and in this way magnets are classified based on the attractions. some other intresting topics can be learned from superscience.blogspot.com..........
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